2010–11 South Pacific cyclone season

2010–11 South Pacific cyclone season
Season summary map
First storm formed November 24, 2010
Last storm dissipated May 11, 2011
Strongest storm Wilma – 930 hPa (mbar), 185 km/h (115 mph) (10-minute sustained)
Total disturbances 17
Total depressions 14
Tropical cyclones 8
Severe tropical cyclones 6
Total fatalities 3 direct, 1 indirect
Total damage $25 million (2010 USD)
South Pacific cyclone seasons
2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13
Related articles

The 2010–11 South Pacific cyclone season is a period of the year when tropical cyclones formed within the South Pacific Ocean to the east of 160°E. The season officially ran from November 1, 2010 to April 30, 2011, however any tropical cyclones that form between July 1, 2010 and June 30, 2011 will count towards the season total.

Within the South Pacific, tropical cyclones are monitored by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) in Nadi, Fiji, and the Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC) in Wellington, New Zealand. RSMC Nadi attached a number and an F suffix to tropical disturbances that form in or move into the South Pacific. The United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issues unofficial warnings within the South Pacific, designating tropical cyclones with a number and a P suffix. RSMC Nadi and TCWC Wellington both use the Australian Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale, and measure windspeeds over a period of ten minutes, while the JTWC measures sustained winds over a period of one minute and uses the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale.[1] The intensities shown here are for whilst the systems were in the Southern Pacific.

Contents

Seasonal outlooks

Predictions of tropical activity during 2010-11.
Source/Record Season/Date TC STC Ref
Average (1969-70 – 2009-10) 8.9 4.3 [2]
Record high activity 1997-98 17 7 [2]
Record low activity 2003–04/2008–09 3 0 [2]
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
NIWA October 19, 2010 9-12 3 [nb 1]
RSMC Nadi October 27, 2010 7-9 4 [2]
NIWA February 7, 2011 9-12 3

RSMC Nadi

In October 2010, RSMC Nadi, issued their seasonal outlook, for the 2010–11 South Pacific cyclone season. In which they predicted that the season would see activity close to its average, with seven to nine tropical cyclones forming, or moving in to the South Pacific, during the season. Four tropical cyclones were expected to intensify into severe tropical cyclones during the season. RSMC Nadi also predicted that the main development region for tropical cyclones would shift from the Fiji-Samoa region, towards the Coral Sea region. As a result of this it was predicted that New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji and the Solomon Islands would face a higher risk of being affected by a tropical cyclone than countries to the east of the International Dateline.[2]

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

In October 2010, TCWC Wellington and New Zealand’s National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) issued a tropical cyclone outlook on behalf of collaborating organizations from the southern Pacific, which included the Bureau of Meteorology, NOAA, Fiji Meteorological Service, Météo-France and other Pacific Island Meteorological Services. The collaborating agencies, predicted that 9-12 tropical cyclones would form during the season, which meant that the Southern Pacific, would see activity either close to its average or above its average of nine tropical cyclones. At least three of the systems are forecasted to become a category 3 severe tropical cyclone, whilst one is expected to become a category 4 severe tropical cyclone.[3] An update of the southwest Pacific tropical cyclone forecast was issued in the Island Climate Update (ICU) Issue 125. The forecast persisted the October 2010 projection of average or above average TC activity through the remainder of the 2010-11 season. It was also noted that at least six TCs were expected for the back half of the 2010-11 season, which would bring the total for the region covered by the ICU forecast (135E to 120W) to 12 (and therefore at the high end of the forecasted range). Risk assessment remained consistent with the previous forecast.[4]

Each year, tropical cyclones have a significant impact on the southern Pacific, with places like Vanuatu and New Caledonia experiencing the greatest activity in the region. During the season there was an elevated risk of a tropical cyclone occurring within the Coral Sea and/or North Tasman region affecting either Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands, New Zealand and Vanuatu. There was also a near normal risk of a tropical cyclone affecting Fiji and Tonga, there was also a reduced or low risk of a tropical cyclone affecting the islands to the east of the International Date Line.[3]

Seasonal summary


Storms

Tropical Depression 01F

Tropical depression (Australian scale)
Duration November 24 – November 30
Intensity 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min),  999 mbar (hPa)

The first tropical cyclone of the season, Tropical Depression 01F, was first identified on November 24 well to the west of Fiji.[5] Little strengthening was anticipated to occur as the system slowly tracked towards the south-southeast.[6] The following day, after an abrupt relocation to the southwest, the disturbance was assigned with the identifier 01F while situated near Vanuatu.[7] Gradually strengthening, the disturbance was upgraded to a tropical depression on November 25 after a slight increase in convection.[8] Situated along the eastern edge of an upper-level trough, the depression tracked towards the east-southeast and would keep this general motion for several days.[9] Though situated over warm waters, estimated to be 30 °C (86 °F), persistent wind shear prevented the system from becoming organized.[10]

The system later relocated into a region less favorable for tropical cyclogenesis on November 27 but continued to strengthen and become better organized.[11] Despite attaining gale-force winds, the depression was not classified as a tropical cyclone as these winds were located roughly 110 km (70 mi) from its center.[12] During the afternoon of November 28, the depression attained a minimum barometric pressure of 999 hPa (mbar; 29.5 inHg).[13] Gradual weakening took place over the following few days as the system tracked southward. By November 30, the depression was declassified as a tropical cyclone and was last noted on December 1 near the International Dateline.[14][15]

On November 26, a tropical cyclone alert was issued for Fiji as the depression was expected to bring heavy rains and strong winds to the region. Flooding was anticipated in low-lying areas and if further intensification took place, more significant damage would be expected.[16] The alert was later raised to a cyclone warning as the system neared the country.[17] All warnings associated with the depression were discontinued on November 29 as it moved away from Fiji. The system brought gusty winds and heavy rains to the islands of Vatulele and Kadavu, though no damage occurred.[18]

Tropical Disturbance 02F

Tropical disturbance (Australian scale)
Duration December 31 – January 2
Intensity Winds unknown,  1004 mbar (hPa)

Late on December 31, RSMC Nadi upgraded an area of low pressure into a tropical disturbance giving it the identifier "02F".[19] The system did not intensify any further and early on January 2, RSMC Nadi released their final summary on it.[20]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Vania

Main article: Cyclone Vania (2011)
Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHS)
Duration January 5 – January 15
Intensity 120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min),  970 mbar (hPa)

Late on January 5, RSMC Nadi upgraded an area of low pressure into a tropical disturbance giving it the identifier "03F".[21] The disturbance slowly gained strength and on January 9, RMSC Nadi reported that the disturbance had intensified into a tropical depression.[22] In Fiji, heavy rains associated with the initial disturbance brought significant flooding to many islands. Several roads were temporarily shut down due to rising waters, though no homes were affected.[23] On January 11, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center initiated warnings on the system and monitored it as Tropical Cyclone 05P.[24] On the Next day, RSMC Nadi upgraded the depression into a Category 1 tropical cyclone and named it "Vania".[25] Later that day, RSMC Nadi reported that Vania had intensified into a Category 2 tropical cyclone.[26] Early the next day, RSMC Nadi upgraded Vania into a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone.[27] Later that day, RSMC Nadi reported that Vania started weakening and downgraded it into a Category 2 tropical cyclone.[28] Subsequently, it was downgraded to a category 1 tropical cyclone on January 14.[29] On January 15, JTWC issued their final warning on the system.[30] Soon, issuing their final advisory, RSMC Nadi downgraded Vania into a Tropical Depression.[31]

Tropical Disturbance 04F

Tropical disturbance (Australian scale)
Duration January 5 – January 7
Intensity Winds unknown,  1002 mbar (hPa)

On January 5, the FMS began issuing advisories on Tropical Disturbance 04F as it developed near New Caledonia. Embedded within a monsoonal trough and within a low-shear environment, the system was able to develop a surface circulation. However, most forecast models did not show further intensification of the system.[32] By January 6, the system's central pressure had decreased to 1002 hPa (mbar) but, it was expected to weaken shortly thereafter.[33] Remaining mostly stationary near New Caledonia, the final advisory was issued by the FMS on January 7 as convection associated with the system became disorganized.[34]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Zelia

Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHS)
Duration January 16 (Entered basin) – January 17
Intensity 155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min),  957 mbar (hPa)

On January 16, Both the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and Fiji Meteorological Service (RSMC Nadi) reported that Severe Tropical Cyclone Zelia crossed 160°E and entered the South Pacific Ocean as a category three severe tropical cyclone.[35][36] On the next day, RSMC Nadi downgraded Zelia into a Category two tropical cyclone.[37] As Zelia started weakening and was no longer predicted to affect Fiji, RSMC Nadi issued their final Tropical Disturbance Advisory.[38] Late on January 17, the JTWC reported that Zelia was weakening rapidly and was accelerating towards New Zealand.[39] Zelia was initially predicted to directly impact the Norfolk Island but instead moved away and weakened. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology reported that the island could experience gale force winds and waves of 7 metres (23 ft).[40] It was also reported that Zelia could bring wind gusts of up to 120 km/h (75 mph) to New Zealand.[41]

According to the media, heavy rain and strong winds were being felt across the country. A mudslide was reported between Hawkes Crag and Fern Arch on State Highway 6 between Westport and Inangahua Junction.[42]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Wilma

Category 4 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHS)
Duration January 19 – January 30
Intensity 185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min),  930 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Cyclone Wilma (2011)

Early on January 19, RSMC Nadi reported that Tropical Disturbance 06F had developed within a trough of low pressure about 665 km (413 mi) to the northeast of Nadi, Fiji.[43] During that day convection surrounding the disturbance gradually became more organized before early the next day, RSMC Nadi reported that it had intensified into a tropical depression.[44] On January 22, The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started monitoring the system as Tropical Cyclone '08P'.[45] Later the same day, RSMC Nadi upgraded Tropical Depression 06F to a tropical cyclone and named it 'Wilma'.[46] Early on January 24, RSMC Nadi further upgraded Wilma to a Category 2 Tropical Cyclone.[47] Late on the same day, RSMC Nadi reported that Wilma had intensified into a Category 3 Severe Tropical Cyclone.[48] Wilma Continued to strengthen and January 26, the RSMC Nadi upgraded it into a Category 4 Severe Tropical Cyclone.[49] Early on January 27, Wilma entered TCWC Wellington's area of responsibility.[50] A few hours later, TCWC Wellington took full responsibility of Wilma, and downgraded it into a Category 3 Severe Tropical Cyclone.[51] Wilma Continued to weaken and TCWC Wellington further downgraded it into a tropical cyclone.[52] On January 28, the JTWC, issuing their final warning, reported that the system took a southeast curve along the coast of North Island, New Zealand and started becoming extratropical.[53] A few hours later, the TCWC Wellington, downgraded it into a low, no longer considering it tropical.[54]

In American Samoa, high winds damaged roofs, downed trees and knocked out power. Heavy rains also triggered a few landslides but overall damage was light.[55] With that, the Pago Pago International Airport was closed and the American Samoa Governor, Togiola Tulafono ordered local government agencies to help those in need.[56] After Wilma moved over American Samoa, a tropical cyclone alert was issued in Tonga and Lau islands.[57] On the morning of January 25, Wilma blew over Tonga as a severe tropical cyclone.[58] Major damage was reported in the Ha'apai Islands of Tonga.[59] Wilma also disrupted New Zealand Foreign Minister, Murray McCully's trip to Tonga.[60]

Tropical Depression 07F

Tropical depression (Australian scale)
Duration January 20 – January 22
Intensity 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min),  996 mbar (hPa)

Late on January 21, RSMC Nadi reported that Tropical Disturbance 07F had developed about 570 km (350 mi) to the northwest of Nouméa, in New Caledonia.[61] During the next day the disturbance gradually organized further, with RSMC Nadi reporting that it had developed into a tropical depression later that day.[62] Early on January 22, RSMC Nadi released their final advisory on the tropical depression as it passed into TCWC Wellington's area of responsibility. Within hours of falling under their responsibility, Wellington declared the system as a low, no longer considering it tropical.

Tropical Cyclone Anthony

Category 1 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHS)
Duration January 24 – January 25
Intensity 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min),  988 mbar (hPa)

On January 24, both the RSMC Nadi and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) reported that Tropical Cyclone Anthony moved into the South Pacific Ocean.[63][64] However on the next day, the system continued to weaken and the RMSC Nadi, issuing their last advisory, downgraded Anthony into a low.[65] Later on the same day, the JTWC too issued their final warning.[66]

However, the low moved back into the Australian region and reintensified into a Tropical Cyclone and dropped large amount of rainfall in southern New South Wales.[67]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Yasi

Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHS)
Duration January 26 – January 31 (Out of basin)
Intensity 155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min),  960 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Cyclone Yasi

Early on January 26, RSMC Nadi reported that Tropical Disturbance 09F, had developed within a surface trough, about 830 km (520 mi), to the northeast of Nadi, Fiji.[68] During that day, the disturbance gradually organized further, before RSMC Nadi reported early the next day, that it had developed into a tropical depression.[69] Over the next couple of days, the depression drifted towards the west, while gradually intensifying and organizing further.[70] Late on January 29, the JTWC issued a tropical cyclone formation alert on the developing tropical depression, before designating it as 11P and initiating advisories on the system.[71][72] Early the next day, RSMC Nadi reported that the depression had intensified into a category one tropical cyclone and named it Yasi, while it was located about 510 km (320 mi) to the northeast of Port Vila in Vanuatu.[70][73] Yasi continued to intensify throughout that day, while affecting the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu.[70] Early on January 31, RSMC Nadi reported that Yasi had intensified into a category two tropical cyclone, before reporting that it had become a severe tropical cyclone.[74][75] During that afternoon, both the JTWC and RSMC Nadi reported that the system had moved across 160°E and had moved out of the South Pacific Basin and into the Australian region[76][77], where it became a much stronger storm before striking Queensland during the first days of February.

Tropical Cyclone Zaka

Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHS)
Duration February 5 – February 7
Intensity 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min),  985 mbar (hPa)

Early on February 5, RSMC Nadi reported that Tropical Disturbance 10F, had developed about 200 km (125 mi), to the south east of Nukualofa in Tonga.[78] During that day, the disturbance gradually organized further whilst moving towards the east. RSMC Nadi, then classified the disturbance as a tropical depression, later that day.[79] Intensification continued and on the next day, RSMC Nadi upgraded Tropical Depression 10F into a Tropical Cyclone and named it 'Zaka'.[80] Soon, Zaka crossed 25°S and TCWC Wellington took full responsibility of the Cyclone.[81] Hours later, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and designated it with '12P'.[82] At midnight, that day, TCWC Wellington further upgraded Zaka into a Category 2 Tropical Cyclone.[83] Early on the next day, the system started weakening and became a Category 1 Tropical Cyclone.[84] Hours later, TCWC Wellington downgraded Zaka, into a low, no longer considering it tropical.[85] Late on that day, the JTWC, reporting that the system weakened rapidly, issued their final warning on the system.[86]

Weather warnings were issued to the Raoul Island as the system intensified and could bring a significant amount of rain.[87] Zaka was initially expected to move in a southernly path and impact New Zealand.[88] However, the system rapidly weakened and passed several miles east of the islands.[89]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Atu

Category 4 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHS)
Duration February 3 – February 24
Intensity 165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min),  940 mbar (hPa)

Early On February 3, RSMC Nadi reported that Tropical Disturbance 11F had formed about 65 km to the southwest of Port Vila in Vanuatu.[90] During the next day, the system gradually moved north and started intensifying.[91] Late on February 16, the disturbance turned south-southeast and intensified into a Tropical depression.[92] On the next morning, organization in the system improved, but the convection decreased unexpectedly.[93] Early on January 18, deep convection started developing over the Low-level Circulation Center (LLCC) which was very favorable for Tropical cyclogenesis.[94] Late on that day, the JTWC started monitoring the system as Tropical Cyclone 17P.[95] Early on the next day, RSMC Nadi upgraded the depression into a Category 1 Tropical Cyclone and named it Atu.[96] At midnight, that day, RSMC Nadi upgraded Atu into a Category 2 tropical cyclone,[97] and six hours later it was upgraded again into a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone,[98] and then again into a Category 4 Severe Tropical cyclone.[99] Though Atu strengthened rapidly, it weakened unexpectedly on the next day because of an eyewall replacement cycle.[100] Early on February 23, Atu crossed 25°S and entered TCWC Wellington's area of responsibility as a Category 3 Severe Tropical Cyclone.[101] Late on that day, the JTWC, reporting that the system was becoming extratropical, issued their final warning on Atu.[102] At midnight, that day, TCWC Wellington reported that Atu was no longer a Severe Tropical Cyclone.[103] Within six hours, TCWC Wellington downgraded Atu into a low, no longer considering it Tropical.[104]

Tropical Depression 12F

Tropical depression (Australian scale)
Duration March 8 (entered basin) – March 19
Intensity 45 km/h (30 mph) (10-min),  1000 mbar (hPa)

On March 7, TCWC Brisbane and RSMC Nadi reported that Tropical Disturbance 21U, had developed within the Australian region, about 1,200 km (750 mi), to the west of Port Vila, Vanuatu.[105][106] During that day, the disturbance gradually intensified further, whilst moving towards the east towards the South Pacific basin. As the disturbance moved out of the Australian region and into the South Pacific, RSMC Nadi reported that the disturbance had intensified into Tropical Depression 12F.[107]

It dissipated on March 19 after no further intensification.

Severe Tropical Cyclone Bune

Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHS)
Duration March 22 – March 29
Intensity 130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min),  969 mbar (hPa)

On March 22, RSMC Nadi analysed that a Tropical Disturbance had formed about 70 miles NNW of Fonualei island, Tonga. Later the same day it was upgraded to a Tropical Depression, and cyclone warnings were issued for islands in the Eastern Division of Fiji. As it neared the International Date Line it continued to strengthen and was named Tropical Cyclone Bune, and as it moved generally southwards it reached category 3 by March 25.

Bune drifted south and dissipated due to dry air on March 29.

Tropical Disturbance 14F

Tropical disturbance (Australian scale)
Duration April 10 – April 11
Intensity Winds unknown,  1005 mbar (hPa)

On April 10, RSMC Nadi analyzed that a Tropical Disturbance had formed east of Vanuatu. They tracked it until the next day as it moved to the south-east without development. But on April 11, Tropical Disturbance 14F dissipated completely.

Tropical Depression 15F

Tropical depression (Australian scale)
Duration April 15 – April 17
Intensity 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min),  999 mbar (hPa)

Late on April 15, RSMC Nadi and the TCWC's in Brisbane and Wellington reported that Tropical Depression/Low 15F, was moving into the South Pacific about 570 km (350 mi) to the east of Noumea, New Caledonia. The depression moved quickly towards the southeast, before early on April 17, RSMC Nadi in conjunction with TCWC Wellington issued the final advisory on the Depression as it became associated with a frontal system.

Tropical Depression 16F

Tropical depression (Australian scale)
Duration April 28 – April 30
Intensity Winds unknown,  1002 mbar (hPa)

Tropical Depression 17F

Tropical depression (Australian scale)
Duration May 10 – May 11
Intensity Winds unknown,  1000 mbar (hPa)

Early on May 10, RSMC Nadi started to monitor an area of low pressure that had developed about 520 km (320 mi) to the northwest of Avarua on the Southern Cook island of Rarotonga.[108] During that day, as the low pressure area quickly moved to the southeast, convection surrounding the system increased and became organized enough for RSMC Nadi to declare the system Tropical Depression 17F. As the system lied in an area of moderate to high vertical windshear, any further development of the system did not occur.[109] During the next day, the system moved rapidly further towards the southeast, with RSMC Nadi issuing the final warning on the system as it moved into TCWC Wellington's area of responsibility and became extratropical.[110]

Season effects

This table lists all the storms that developed in the South Pacific to the east of longitude 160°E during the 2010–2011 season. It includes their intensity on the Australian Tropical cyclone intensity scale, duration, name, landfalls, deaths, and damages. All data is taken from RSMC Nadi and or TCWC Wellington, and all of the damage figures are in 2011 USD.

Storm
Name		 Dates active Storm category
at peak intensity		 Peak 10-min
sustained winds		 Pressure Areas affected Damage
(USD)		 Deaths Refs
01F November 24 – 30 Tropical Depression 65 km/h (40 mph) 999 Vanuatu, Fiji None None [18]
02F December 31 – January 2 Tropical Disturbance Unknown 1004 None None None
Vania January 5 – 15 Category 3 Severe Tropical Cyclone 120 km/h (75 mph) 970 Vanuatu, Fiji, New Caledonia, New Zealand &10000000011000000000000$11 million None [111]
04F January 5 – 7 Tropical Disturbance Unknown 1002 None None None
Zelia January 16 – 17 Category 3 Severe Tropical Cyclone 155 km/h (100 mph) 957 New Zealand None None [41]
Wilma January 19 – 28 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone 185 km/h (115 mph) 930 Western Samoa, American Samoa, Tonga, New Zealand &10000000022000000000000$22 million 3 [55][112]
07F January 20 – 22 Tropical Depression 65 km/h (40 mph) 996 None None None
Anthony January 24 – 25 Category 1 Tropical Cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 988 None None None
Yasi January 26 – 31 Category 3 Severe Tropical Cyclone 150 km/h (90 mph) 963 Vanuatu &10000003000000000000000$3 billion 1
Zaka February 5 – 7 Category 2 Tropical Cyclone 95 km/h (60 mph) 985 None None None
Atu February 13 – 24 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone 165 km/h (105 mph) 937 New Caledonia, Vanuatu None
12F March 7 – 19 Tropical Depression 45 km/h (30 mph) 1002 None None None
Bune March 22 – 29 Category 3 Severe Tropical Cyclone 130 km/h (80 mph) 970 None None None
14F April 10 – 11 Tropical Disturbance Unknown 1005 None None None
15F April 15 – 17 Tropical Depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 999 None None None
16F April 28 – 30 Tropical Depression Unknown 1002 None None None
17F May 10 – 11 Tropical Depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1000 None None None
Season Aggregates
17 disturbances November 24 – May 11 185 km/h (115 mph) 978 >&10000003030000000000000$3.03 billion 4

Storm names

Within the Southern Pacific a tropical depression is judged to have reach tropical cyclone intensity should it reach winds of 65 km/h, (40 mph) and it is evident that gales are occurring at least halfway around the center. With tropical depressions intensifying into a tropical cyclone between the Equator and 25°S and between 160°E - 120°W named by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in Nadi, Fiji (RSMC Nadi). However should a tropical depression intensify to the south of 25°S between 160°E and 120°W it will be named in conjunction with RSMC Nadi by the Tropical Cyclone Warning Center in Wellington, New Zealand (TCWC Wellington). Should a tropical cyclone move out of the basin and into the Australian region it will retain its original name. The first name used this season was Vania . The last name used was Bune.[1]

  • Atu
  • Bune

See also

Notes

  1. ^ NIWA's prediction is for the region 135°E - 120°W

References

  1. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the Southwest Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean". RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee. World Meteorological Organization. 2009-03-10. http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/TCP24-English2008.pdf. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  2. ^ a b c d e Unattributed (2010-10-28). "Tropical Cyclone Guidance for Season 2010/11 for the Fiji and the Southwest Pacific RSMC Region 160°E to 120°W Equator to 25°S" (PDF). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original on 2010-10-28. http://www.webcitation.org/5tpZnQJE7. Retrieved 2010-10-28. 
  3. ^ a b "Tropical cyclone outlook: Average or above average numbers expected.". NIWA. 2010. http://www.niwa.co.nz/news-and-publications/news/all/tropical-cyclone-outlook-oct2010. Retrieved 2010-11-01. 
  4. ^ Lorrey A. and Renwick, 2011. http://www.niwa.co.nz/news-and-publications/publications/all/icu/island-climate-update-125---february-2011/update-of-sw-pacific-tc-guidance-for-the-2010-11-season
  5. ^ Staff Writer (December 9, 2010). "Fiji Islands Climate Summary November 2010" (PDF). Fiji Islands Climate Summary (Fiji Meteorological Service) 31 (11). http://www.webcitation.org/5uqeIPiv9. Retrieved January 15, 2011. 
  6. ^ "Tropical Disturbance Summary". Fiji Meteorological Service. November 23, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5uAgzTL2W. Retrieved January 15, 2011. 
  7. ^ "Tropical Weather Outlook" (PDF). Fiji Meteorological Service. November 24, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5uTgs9Nz8. Retrieved January 15, 2011. 
  8. ^ "Tropical Disturbance Summary". Fiji Meteorological Service. November 25, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5uVKGiOuR. Retrieved January 15, 2011. 
  9. ^ "Tropical Disturbance Summary". Fiji Meteorological Service. November 25, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5uW21jY0Y. Retrieved January 15, 2011. 
  10. ^ "Tropical Disturbance Advisory A4 (01F)". Fiji Meteorological Service. November 26, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5uXMeI7L1. Retrieved January 15, 2011. 
  11. ^ "Tropical Disturbance Advisory A8 (01F)". Fiji Meteorological Service. November 27, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5uYt8DaMg. Retrieved January 15, 2011. 
  12. ^ "Gale Warning Eleven". Fiji Meteorological Service. November 27, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5uY92ACNv. Retrieved January 15, 2011. 
  13. ^ "Tropical Disturbance Advisory A11 (01F)". Fiji Meteorological Service. November 28, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5uaDlSiHB. Retrieved January 15, 2011. 
  14. ^ "Marine Weather Bulletin for Subtropic". Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited. November 30, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5udIHOhu1. Retrieved January 15, 2011. 
  15. ^ "Gale Warning Three". Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited. December 1, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5udn6VNno. Retrieved January 15, 2011. 
  16. ^ "Special Weather Bulletin One for Fiji on Tropical Depression 01F". Fiji Meteorological Service. November 26, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5uW2FN2aM. Retrieved January 15, 2011. 
  17. ^ "Special Weather Bulletin Eight for Fiji on Tropical Depression 01F". Fiji Meteorological Service. November 28, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5uYcE8dnx. Retrieved January 15, 2011. 
  18. ^ a b "Fiji cyclone warning lifted". Radio New Zealand. November 29, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5vf2aaktI. Retrieved January 11, 2011. 
  19. ^ "Tropical Disturbance Summary for Tropical Disturbance 02F". RSMC Nadi. http://www.webcitation.org/5vOxpUdYx. Retrieved 13 January 2011. 
  20. ^ "Tropical Disturbance Summary for Tropical Disturbance 02F". RSMC Nadi. http://www.webcitation.org/5vQtgdwRE. Retrieved 13 January 2011. 
  21. ^ "RSMC Nadi Tropical Disturbance Summary for Tropical Disturbance 03F". RSMC Nadi. http://www.webcitation.org/5vWiIDpQf. Retrieved 14 January 2011. 
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External links

Tropical cyclones of the 2010–11 South Pacific cyclone season
South Pacific Tropical Cyclone Scale
TDI TDE 1 2 3 4 5
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